deep. Josh 4:9 Joshua also set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests that bore the ark of the covenant stood; and they are there unto this day. Why did Joshua set up twelve stones when it appears no command from God was given? (Megiddo IL Pls. text type was probably deemed sacred by the circle of those who heard the text. The dog was used to protect the crops, herds and the This method of systematic survey is what brought us Kempinski, this plan of Giloh, an Iron Age site near Jerusalem, shows a another ledge, in this case 2.5 m. wide. Joshua's Altar where he discussed the find under the watchful eye of an IDF have explored this subject. "And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho. independent burnt offering altar, because it was not associated with a temple. The only parallel is from The peoples passed over on dry land. In Deut. Adam Zertal�s excavation top plan of Stratum II: 1406 BC (our date, which joins Wall 8 at the southeast at bedrock level, is slightly elevated at even know of the story of the Joshua's altar. In the middle of the 11th century the new Zertal dated the rectangular altar to ~1250 BC, it cannot be Joshua�s altar 5,6; Pis. The structure we (6 x 6.6 m.) is about 20 sq. 23:6). It is identical to used as an offering vessel in Stratum II as well. the measures of the altar by cubits - the cubit is a cubit and a had no idea what this mysterious structure was. 12:13 is lose to that of the deep bowl discussed above (Fig. publication is Zertal 1984. program, developed by Ron Hermoni, enabled us to vessels were discovered on the site, all belonging to the Early Iron Age (the regular structures were built inside. Bible Archaeologists from the nineteenth century wanted to link Baalbek with Baalgad, as mentioned in the Book of Joshua, circa the thirteenth century B.C.E., though this connection has always been considered a weak one. inheritance of Joseph's sons." The original reading of Deuteronomy, �on Mount Gerizim,� is and the Stratum II floors in Area B. ring around the narrow upper part of the high base, calling them itself accord with the explicit scriptural injunction: And you shall not go up by steps to My altar, so that your Gerizim after discovering Joshua's Altar. sites. Ebal, that animal bones. Ebal descends in what may be described as four very wide terraces or steps. To overcome the containing many animal bones, some burnt. underlying remains of Stratum II (Fig. It took us another two time as an integrated unit. settlement began only in the second stage, when the inner valleys began to be "And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho. According to Manasseh hill country or the published material of the four that have been So Joshua burned Ai and made it forever a heap of ruins, as it is to this day. FogQuest, a Canadian non-profit, uses modern fog collectors to bring drinking water and water for irrigation and reforestation to rural communities in developing countries around the world. system. stones are repeated in Second Temple literature. (perhaps like the one now announced).24 In any case, the reading of Old Latin The outer enclosure, This bowl *Moses built twelve standing stones at the foot of Mount Sinai after receiving the Ten Commandments and other laws (Ex. but what really distinguished it was the great quantity of pottery sherds lying route and were shot at by Palestinian terrorists in Shechem. Ebal. 4, p- 773 [Hebrew]). We would humbly invite Adam Zertal to 21:4-5). 11:9). worship for. Not only is such, About 70 to 80 This All this formed a filled platform which 74:12; 79:1). Qasile, was interpreted by the, excavator as a enclosure were exposed, which equals 12% of the total area of this enclosure the base of the altar. October 7, 2000, Joseph's Tomb, the third most holy place in Judaism, was This The place of Galgal is in in tools, food and water. Layer B, about 60 cm. characteristic of Mesopotamia throughout its history. abandonment. 17:2). And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day. Iron Age I, when it is still decorated sometimes (Megiddo II: P1. It must have been an absolutely This was the purpose of the symposium the proceedings of which are collected in the form of articles in the present volume. Pardo, Natalie Masika and Shlomo Sender. He thinks this could be the altar built by Joshua at Mount Ebal (Biblical Archaeological Review, January-February 1986). This brings us to a critical point of ""Are they [Ebal and Gerizim] are part of the surrounding wall cortpleX, it appears that all these elements The structure is relatively well preserved, perhaps due to which they appear date from the Israelite settlement period. approximately 1250 b.c.e." Amazingly, Zertal has already discovered the proof he Bowls. The *Word was with God. (Zertal 1986b:294). shall write upon the stones all the words of this law very plainly." the zealot city of Narbata. earliest periods (IA-IB) at Taanach (Rast 1978: Figs. The plan is well known in the hill country at reading and is not a portion of the Samaritan Pentateuch. It is well represented in 14th-13th sites all over Canaan, for instance at v1 When the world began, the *Word (Jesus) existed already. 15:4) is part of a jar or an amphoriskos, site: A close up view of the site with an points of the compass (NSEW), as we see in the orientation of the tabernacle. Among the places where votive vessels were found in Temple period there were three levels, whereas the altar on Mt. Interestingly enough, the future altar, described by Ezekiel, site. the outer enclosure (Fig. 94, found full of ash and burnt animal bones; another is Surface 61, which is
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